Vaginal health is an important issue that directly affects women's quality of life. Vaginal discharge is part of the natural cleaning process of the vagina and has many important functions such as maintaining pH balance, preventing infections and supporting reproductive health. However, in some cases, the color, odor and amount of vaginal discharge may change. These changes are often a sign of a vaginal infection. Infections, which manifest themselves with symptoms such as itching, burning sensation, bad odor and abnormal discharge, can lead to more serious health problems if not treated in a timely manner.
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What is Vaginal Discharge?
Vaginal discharge is a slightly odorless, transparent or white fluid that protects the natural structure of the vagina. Healthy discharge protects the vagina against bacteria, fungi and other harmful microorganisms. It also increases comfort during sexual intercourse by providing vaginal moisture and helps the reproductive system to stay healthy.
Characteristics of Normal Vaginal Discharge:
- Transparent or white
- Slightly odorless
- It can be gel-like, liquid or slightly sticky
- The amount may vary depending on the menstrual cycle
However, some infections or health problems can cause changes in the color, odor and consistency of vaginal discharge. If there are symptoms such as yellow, green or brown discharge, bad odor and itching, it is important to consult a gynecologist.
What Causes Vaginal Discharge?
The causes of vaginal discharge are divided into two main groups:
Physiological (Natural) Vaginal Discharge:
- Ovulation period
- Sexual arousal
- Pregnancy process
- Use of birth control pills
Pathological (Disease-Related) Vaginal Discharge:
- Bacterial vaginosis
- Fungal infections (Candida)
- Sexually transmitted diseases (Trichomoniasis, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea)
- Uterine or cervical infections
- Weak immune system (diabetes, cortisone use)
- Wrong hygiene products (scented pads, deodorants, perfumed soaps)
How to Treat Vaginal Discharge?
Types of Vaginal Discharge and Their Meanings
The color, odor and consistency of vaginal discharge can give clues about which health problem is present:
- Clear or white vaginal discharge: Normal, may increase during ovulation and sexual arousal.
- Yellow or green vaginal discharge: A sign of infection, especially if it has a bad smell, it may be a sign of bacterial vaginosis or sexually transmitted diseases.
- Brown or bloody vaginal discharge: May be associated with hormonal irregularities, intrauterine infections or cervical diseases. It may last a few days after menstruation, but if it continues for a long time, a doctor should be consulted.
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge: May occur due to bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis infection or sexually transmitted diseases. If it smells like rotten fish, there is a high probability of bacterial infection.
It is important to consult a gynecologist if there are complaints of itching, burning, pain during urination, bad smell and abnormal discharge.
What Causes Vaginal Itching?
Vaginal itching is usually caused by infections, allergic reactions or improper hygiene practices. The main causes of itching are:
Bacterial Vaginosis: It manifests itself with a foul odor and gray discharge.
Fungal Infections (Candida): It is characterized by intense itching and white cheese-like discharge.
Trichomoniasis: It is a sexually transmitted infection and is characterized by yellow-green foamy discharge.
Irritant Substances: Perfumed pads, soaps, gels and vaginal sprays can cause irritation.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Infections such as gonorrhea, chlamydia and HPV can cause itching.
Hormonal Changes: The decrease in estrogen levels after menopause can lead to vaginal dryness and itching.
How Are Vaginal Discharge and Itching Treated?
The methods used in the treatment of vaginal infections vary depending on the type of infection:
Bacterial infections: Antibiotics (Metronidazole, Clindamycin) may be prescribed under the supervision of a doctor.
Fungal infections: Antifungal drugs and creams are used. Probiotics such as yogurt can maintain the balance of the vaginal flora.
Sexually transmitted diseases such as trichomoniasis: Antiparasitic drugs are recommended for treatment. The partner should also be treated.
- Antibiotics or antifungal drugs should not be used without a doctor's recommendation.
- Sexual intercourse should be avoided during treatment.
- Hygiene rules should be observed, cotton underwear should be preferred.
What can be done to prevent vaginal discharge and itching?
- Daily hygiene rules should be followed.
- Perfumed soap, vaginal douche and chemical products should not be used.
- Cotton underwear should be preferred and changed daily.
- A balanced diet should be followed and plenty of water should be consumed to keep the immune system strong.
- Protected intercourse should be preferred to prevent sexually transmitted infections.
